Q.P.CODE:152-NR-Dr. NTR University of Health Sciences::Vijayawada-520 008
M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION – OCTOBER, 2019-PHARMACOLOGY-Paper-I -Pharmacology General Principles and Experimental Pharmacology including Biostatistics and Bio-assay-Time:  3 Hours-Max. Marks:100-Answer all questions-All questions carry equal marks-Draw neat diagrams wherever necessary
Write short essays on the following:
1..Write with suitable examples genetic polymorphism influencing drug response 	
2..Surrogate markers in clinical trial	
3..ANOVA	
4..Receptor antagonism	
5..Drugs causing neurotoxicity	
6..Instruments used in evaluation of CNS depressants in animals	
7..Write about invitro evaluation of anticancer drugs	
8..What is the principle of spectrophotometry and its application?	
9..Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic alteration of drugs in pregnancy and lactation	
10..Acute and chronic toxicity testing  in animals	
152 IA-Dr. NTR University of Health Sciences::AP::Vijayawada – 520 008
M.D. DEG. INTERNAL ASSESSMENT EXAMINATION – JUNE, 2019-PHARMACOLOGY
Paper-I : Pharmacology General Principles and Experimental Pharmacology including Biostatistics and Bio-assay-Time: 3 Hrs-Max. Marks:100-Answer all questions-All questions carry equal marks
Write short essays on the following:
1..Institutional Ethics Committee and its composition and role	
2..Discuss Chrono Pharmacology with examples	
3..Discuss the various Pharmacokinetic principles and its clinical significance	
4..Give principles of Bioassay and add a note on four point assay	
5..Treatment of Drug dependence	
6..Describe about LCMS	
7..Sampling and various types of sampling.  Describe calculation of sample size	
8..Therapeutic window	
9..Screening for a new drug molecule for its effect on intestinal motility 	
10..Phase II clinical trails	
Q.P.CODE:152-NR-Dr. NTR University of Health Sciences::Vijayawada-520 008
M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION – APRIL, 2019-PHARMACOLOGY-Paper-I :   Pharmacology General Principles and Experimental Pharmacology including Biostatistics and Bio-assay.
Time:  3 Hrs-Max. Mrks:100-Answer all questions-All questions carry equal marks-Draw neat diagrams wherever necessary
Write short essays on the following:
1..Pharmacogenetics and drug development        2..Molecular mechanism of drug action with examples	
3..Fixed dose combination of drugs                     4..G-protein coupled receptors	
5..Drug nomenclature	
6..Describe the phases of clinical drug trials.  Describe the features of an ideal randomized clinical trial. 	
7..Principles of treatment of drug poisoning         8..Signal management in Pharmaco vigilance	
9..Student’s t test                                                  10..Preclinical evaluation of antidiabetic drugs	
Q.P.CODE:152-NR-Dr. NTR University of Health Sciences::Vijayawada-520 008
M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION – OCTOBER, 2018-PHARMACOLOGY-Paper-I-Pharmacology 
Write short essays on the following:
1..Kinetics of elimination of drugs                                  2..Non-parametric tests	
3. Essential drug concept and Rational drug use             4. Evaluation of Anti hypertensive agents	
5. ELISA (Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays)         6. Acute toxicity studies	
7. Pharmacoeconomics	
8. Discuss the pharmacology of hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in the Phase I metabolism of 
     drugs	
9. Discuss drug interactions giving suitable examples	
10.Transporters in Blood Brain Barrier and clinical importance.	
Q.P.CODE:152-NR-Dr. NTR University of Health Sciences::Vijayawada-520 008
M.D. DEG. EXAMINATION – DECEMBER, 2017-PHARMACOLOGY-Paper-I- Pharmacology General Principles & Experimental Pharmacology including Biostatistics & Bio-assay.-Time:  3 Hrs-Max. Marks:100-Answer all questions-All questions carry equal marks-Draw neat diagrams wherever necessary
Write short essays on the following:
1..Pharmacogenetics and drug development	
2..Molecular mechanism of drug action with examples	
3..Transgenic animals	
4..Students t test	
5..Role of placebo in clinical trials and its ethical aspects	
6..Bio-availability and Bio-equivalence	
7..Use of inbred strains of animals for experimentation	
8..Evaluation of Fertility drugs	
9..Essential Drug Concept	
10.Discuss the clinical significance of administration of drugs during pregnancy	
152 IA-Dr. NTR University of Health Sciences::AP::Vijayawada – 520 008
M.D. DEGREE Internal Assessment Examination – JUNE, 2017-PHARMACOLOGY
Paper-I-Pharmacology General Principles and Experimental Pharmacology including Biostatistics and Bio-assay-Time: 3 Hrs-Max. Mrks:100-Answer all questions-All questions carry equal marks
Write short essays on the following:
1..First and Zero order kinetics	
2..Paired ‘t’ test	
3..Uphill transport of drugs	
4..Fiducial limits		
5..Radioimmuno assay	
6..Pharmacoeconomics	
7..Therapeutic window.	
8..Screening for a new drug molecule for its effect on intestinal motility	
9..Phase-2 clinical trials	
10..Therapeutic drug monitoring and its significance	
Q.P.CODE:152-NR-Dr. NTR University of Health Sciences::Vijayawada-520 008
M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION – MAY, 2017-PHARMACOLOGY-Paper-I-Pharmacology General Principles and Experimental Pharmacology including Biostatistics and Bio-assay-Time:  3 Hours-Max. Marks:100-Answer all questions-All questions carry equal marks-Draw neat diagrams wherever necessary
Write short essays on the following:
1..Mention the various routes of drug administration and their advantages, with examples.  Add a 
     brief note on liposome based drug delivery.	
2..Describe the various pathological states which effect drug action, giving examples.	
3..Describe the phases of clinical drug trials.  Describe the features of an ideal Randomized Clinical 
     trial 	
4..Describe briefly the statistical tests used to compare means and proportions	
5..Write a brief note on teratogenicity and carcinogenicity of drugs.  Briefly describe how drugs are 
     tested for theses effects.	
6. HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) and its applications	
7..Animal use in drug testing	
8..Define the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic types of drug interactions.  Add a brief note 
     on drug interactions with warfarin.	
9. Define drug bioavailability.  Mention the factors which affect drug bioavailability	
10.Pharmacovigilance	
==

152-NR-Dr. NTR University of Health Sciences::Vijayawada-520 008
M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION – NOVEMBER, 2016-PHARMACOLOGY-Paper-I-Pharmacology General Principles and Experimental Pharmacology including Biostatistics and Bio-assay-Time:  3 Hours-Max. Marks:100-Answer all questions-All questions carry equal marks-Draw neat diagrams wherever necessary
Write short essays on the following:
1..Bioequivalence of drugs                             2..Apparent volume of distribution and its significance	
3. Screening of new molecule for anti-anxiety activity                    4. Chi-square test	
5. Certain safety factor             6. Acute toxicity study in animals   7. Flame photometry              	
8. pA2 value                             9. Drug dependence                          10.Post marketing surveillance	
==
152 IA-Dr. NTR University of Health Sciences::AP::Vijayawada – 520 008
M.D. DEGREE INTERNAL ASSESSMENT EXAMINATION – JULY, 201-PHARMACOLOGY
Paper-I : Pharmacology General Principles and Experimental Pharmacology including Biostatistics and Bio-assay-Time: 3 Hrs-Max. Marks:10-Answer all questions-All questions carry equal marks
Write short essays on the following:
1..Institutional Ethics Committee - its composition and role.	
2..Discuss Chrono Pharmacology with examples.	
3..Discuss the various Pharmacokinetic Principles and its clinical significance.	
4..Give principles of Bioassay and add a note on four point assay.	
5..Treatment of Drug Dependence.	
6. Describe about LCMS.	
7..Sampling and various types of sampling.  Describe calculation of sample size.	
8. Therapeutic window.	
9. Screening for a new drug molecule for its effect on intestinal motility.	
10.Phase II Clinical Trials.	
==
152-NR-Dr. NTR University of Health Sciences::Vijayawada-520 008
M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION – MAY, 2016-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-I
Pharmacology Gen. Principles & Experimental Pharmacology including Biostatistics and Bio-assay
Time:  3 Hours-Max. Marks:100-Answer all questions-All questions carry equal marks-Draw neat diagrams wherever necessary
Write short essays on the following:
1..Ion channel receptor	
2. Therapeutic drug monitoring	
3. Screening of new molecule for anti-asthmatic activity	
4. Randomization	
5. P-drug concept	
6. Biomedical waste disposal	
7. High performance liquid chromatography	
8. Reverse pharmacology	
9. Pharmacogenetics	
10.Helsinki declaration	
152-NR-Dr. NTR University of Health Sciences::Vijayawada-520 008
M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION – OCTOBER, 2015-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-I
Pharmacology General Principles and Experimental Pharmacology including Biostatistics and Bio-assay-Time:  3 Hours-Max. Marks:100-Answer all questions-All questions carry equal marks-Draw neat diagrams wherever necessary
Write short essays on the following:
1.G-protein coupled receptors.                              2.P-glycoprotein and its pharmacological relevance.	
3.Screening of new molecule for anti-pyretic activity.           4.Analysis of variance.	
5.Placebo.                                                              6.Transgenic animals in drug development	
7.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.              8.Polymerase chain reaction.	
9.Pharmacovigilance.                                           10.Phase 3 of clinical trial.	
152 IA-Dr. NTR University of Health Sciences::AP::Vijayawada – 520 008
MD. DEG. INTERNAL ASSESSMENT EXAMS-JUNE, 2015-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-I
1.Experimental evaluation of Anti-Convulsant drugs      2.Role of placebo in clinical trails	
3.Non-Parametric tests                                                     4.HPLC	
5.Computer aided drug design                                          6.Knock-out mice	
7.Pharmaco vigilance                                                        8.Drug tolerance	
9.Kinetics of drug elimination                                          10.Special drug delivery systems	
152-NR-M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION – APRIL, 2015-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-1
1.Vectorial transport of drugs.                                  2.Therapeutic drug monitoring.	
3.Sources of drug information.                                 4.Genetic polymorphism and drug therapy.	
5.Random stratified sampling.                                  6.Vasopeptide inhibitors	
7.Quantitative parameters of drug action.                 8.Drugs as diagnostic agents.	
9.Melatonin.                                                             10.Fiducial limits of Bioassay.	
152-NR-M.D. DEG. EXAMINATION – OCTOBER, 2014-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-I
1.Signaling mechanism involved in drug action.	2.Informed consent.
3.New drug delivery system.				4.Fixed drug combinations.
5.Therapeutic drug monitoring.			6.Methods to screen antiinflammatory activity.
7.Pharmacogenomics.					8.Effects of Pregnancy on drug action.
9.Preventable adverse drug reactions.			10. 10.Non-parametric tests
152 IA-M.D. DEG. Internal Assessment Exams-JUNE, 2014-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-I
1..Type I and Type II errors in statistics.                 2..Pharmaco vigilance	
3..Chi-square test.                                                    4..Essential drug concept.	
5..Novel routes of drug delivery.                             6..Bioequivalence of drugs.	
7..Therapeutic exploratory trials.                             8..Recombinant DNA Technology.	
9..Ethics committee and its responsibilities.            10.G-Protein Coupled Receptors.	
152-NR-M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION – APRIL, 2014-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-I
Write short essays on the following:
1.Gastrointestinal Therapeutic system     2.Institutional Ethical Committee, its composition and role
3..Screening for a new drug molecule for its effects on intestinal motility.     4..P drug concept
5..Immunoassays.         6. G-proteins.    7. Phase II clinical trials.        8. Therapeutic window.
9. Sampling and its various types.         10. Volume of distribution and its clinical signature.
152-NR-M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION-OCTOBER,  2013-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-I
1..Drug tolerance	2. Plasma half life and its significance
3. Screening for a new molecule for anti-depressant activity
4. Student’s  test	5. Drug-drug interaction	6. Euthanasia for experimental animals
7. Spectrophotometry	8. Radioimmunoassay		9. Chronopharmacology and its significance
10. Phase 0 of clinical trial
M.D. DEGREE INTERNAL EXAMINATION – JUNE, 2013-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-I
1..Define Pharmacodynamics,  write about receptor mechanisms of drug action.   Add a note on   
     second messengers
2. Structure activity relationship of catecholamines		3. ANOVA
4. Composition and functions of human ethics committee and add a note on alternatives to 6 animal 
     experiments
5. Give principles of Bioassay.  Add a note on four point assay.
6. Describe the techniques of experimental evaluation of a drug for analgesic activity.
7. Students `T’ test				8. High pressure liquid chromatography
9. Kinetics of drug elimination		10. Tolerance
152-NR-M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION – APRIL, 2013-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-I
1..Control release preparations: Advantages & disadvantages      2. Inhalation route in drug delivery  
3. Animal screening of a drug molecule for is antifertility effects
4. Kinetics of drug metabolism and its clinical significance
5. Rational drug therapy			6. High pressure liquid Chromatography.
7. Second messengers.			8. Animal toxicity studies
9. Drug antagonism				10. Null hypothesis
152-NR-M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION-OCTOBER, 2012-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-I
1..Pregnancy category D drugs		2. Enzyme linked receptors
3. Competitive antagonists			4. Methods to screen potential antiepileptic drugs
5. ANOVA					6. Essential drug concept
7. Factors affecting bioavailability		8. Meta - analysis
9. In vitro models in toxicology		10. Pharmacovigilance
152-NR-M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION – APRIL, 2012-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-I
1..Prodrugs and their clinical significance.				2..Dose response relationship. 
3..Screening of a new molecule for anti-inflammatory activity.	4. Chi square test. 
5. Apparent volume of drug distribution.				6. Preclinical toxicity studies.
7. Flame photometry.							8. Enzyme immunoassay.
9. Rational use of medicines.		        10. Institutional ethics committee and its responsibilities. 
152-NR-M.D. DEG. EXAMINATION – OCT./NOV., 2011-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-I
1..Enzyme inhibitors and drug toxicity.			2. Clearance and drug elimination. 
3. Screening of a new drug molecule for antidiabetic activity.	
4. Null hypothesis and probability value. 			5. P glycoprotein.
6. Transgenic animal model.					7. Principles and applications of HPLC.
8. Different methods of bioassay.	9.Therapeutic drug monitoring.    10. Phase IV of clinical trial
152-NR-M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION – APRIL, 2011-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-I
1..Phase I cytochrome p45O biotransformation and drug-drug interactions.
2. Kinetics of drug elimination.	3. Screening of a new drug molecule for analgesic activity.
4. Non parametric tests.		5. Blood brain and blood – CSF barrier.
6. Pre clinical screening of drug.	7. Polymerase chain reaction and applications.
8. In vitro methods of isolated smooth muscle preparation to assay potency of acetylcholine.
9. Therapeutic index.			10. Randomised controlled clinical trial.
152-NR-M.D. DEG. EXAMINATION – OCT./NOV., 2010-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-I
1..Chromatography.						2. Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring.
3. Methods of prolonging the duration of action of a drug.	4. Essential drugs.
5. Fixed-dose combination of drugs.				6. Prodrugs.
7. Evaluation of Anticonvulsant Drugs.			8. Drug use in extremes of age.
9. Pharmacogenomics.					10. Pharmacokinetic Drug interactions.
152-NR=M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION – APRIL, 2010-PHARMACOLOGY-Paper-I 
1. Hypertensive animal model.	2. Therapeutic index.		3. Pharmacoempidemiology.
4. Plasma protein binding.		5. Enantiomers.	
6. Principles of treatment of acute drug poisoning.		7. Drug prescribing during pregnancy.
8. Students ‘T’ Test.			9. Radioimmunoassay.	10. Acute toxicity studies.
152-NR-M.D. DEG. EXAMINATION – NOVEMBER, 2009-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-I
Write Short Essays On The Following:   1. Receptors regulating nuclear transcription.
2. Structure activity relationship of Sympathomimetic amines.     3. Physiological salt solutions.
4. Describe the techniques of experimental evaluation of a drug for antidepressant activity.
5. Non-parametric tests in statistical analysis.		6. Kinetics of drug elimination.
7. Factors affecting clearance of drug at extremes of age	8. Tolerance
9. Polymorphism modifying diseases and drug response	10. Bioavailability.
152-NR-M.D. DEG. EXAMINATION – APRIL/MAY, 2009-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-I
1) Ligand-gated ion channels  2) Structure activity relationship of corticosteroids.  3) Principles of bioassay.
4) Describe the techniques of experimental evaluation of a drug for analgesic activity.
5) Type I and Type II error in biostatistics.		6) Inhalational route in drug delivery.
7) Volume of distribution.    8) Dependence.   9) Retrovirus mediated gene transfer.  10) Bioequivalence.
152-NR-M.D. DEG. EXAMINATION –PHARMACOLOGY- NOVEMBER, 2008-PAPER-I
1. Discuss the role of Nitric Oxide in signal transduction.  List its implications for new drug 
    development and pharmacotherapy.
2. First order and zero order kinetics.	3. Role of placebo in clinical trials and its ethical aspects.
4. Noval drug delivery systems.  5. Randomization.	   6. Bio-availability and Bio-equivalence.
7. Genetic Toxicology.			8. Drugs causing ocular toxicity.
9. Use of inbred strains of animals for experimentation.	10. Pharmacovigilence.
152-NR-M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION – JUNE, 2008-PHARMACOLOGY-Paper-I
1. Discuss in detail the clinical significance of the administration of drugs in Geriatric Practice.
2. Pharmacogenetics	3. ‘P’ Drug Concept.		4. Fixed dose combination of drugs.
5. Null Hypothesis.	6. Plasma half life and its significance.	7. Targeted Drug Delivery.	
8. Placental transfer of drugs	     9. Phase IV clinical trials          10.Bio-assays using whole animal.
152-NR-NOVEMBER, 2007
1. Discuss the clinical significance of administration of drugs during pregnancy
2. Non-parametric tests	3. Environmental Toxins	4. Essential Drug Concept
5. ELISA (Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays)	6. Acute toxicity studies	  7. Drug reservoirs
8. Prodrugs and their clinical implications	9. Spurious drugs  10. Bio-assay of 5-Hydroxytryptamine
MAY/JUNE, 2007 (N.R.)
1. Cytochrome P.450 enzyme systems.
2. Factors affecting the nature and degree of pharmacological responses in common laboratory   animals.
3. Type I error and type II. Error in Biostatistics.
4. Write a brief outline of a phase III clinical trial to study the safety and efficacy of a new drug  molecule in 
     type 2 diabetes.
5. Novel routes in drug delivery.	6. G protein coupled receptors     7. Transgenic mice for arrhythmia.
8. Bio. inequivalence.	9. Therapeutic drug monitoring.  10.Assay design for quantitative study of agonists.
NOVEMBER-2006 (N.R.)
1. Volume of distribution (Vd) – Pharmacological and clinical significance
2. Clearance of drugs at extremes of age	3. ANOVA	
4. Design a phase II clinical trial protocol for study of safety & efficacy of a new drug molecule in   
     hypertension
5. Chirality of drugs	6. Acute toxicity tests			7. Retrovirus mediated gene transfer
8. Receptor  protein kinases	9. Physiological salt solutions		10.Tolerance
MAY/JUNE, 2006.
1. Cytoplasmic second messengers=10m			2. Conjugating reactions=10m
3. In vitro screening methods of antimalarial drugs=10m	4. Four point assay=10m
5. Structure activity relationships of sympathomimetic amines=10m	6. Students’t test=10m
7. Principles of HPLC 	8. Transgenic animals     9. P-glycoprotein   
10.Receptors as transcription factors=10m
APR/MAY, 2005. (N.R.)
1. Drug enantiomers	2. Current status of LD50	3. Clinical importance of enzymes inducers
4.Non-linear pharmacokinetics  5.Confidence interval   6.Principles of radio-immunoassay 
7.Animal models of peptic ulcer
8. Genotoxicity     9. Pre-clinical evaluation of anti-asthmatic drugs  10.Quantifying agonistic action of drugs
SEPT./OCT.2004  
1. Discuss in brief the influence of age on dosage and administration of drugs  10x 10=100marks	
2. Double Blind Tests		3. P Value	4. Transdermal administration of drugs
5. Alkaloids in Therapeutics	6. Excretion of drugs in milk		7.Methods of drugs Targeting.
8. Radio Immuno assay	9. Pharmacoeconomics		10.G-Proteins
MARCH/APRIL, 2004 (N.R.)
1. Plasma Half Life  2. Drug Receptor Interaction  3. G-Protein-coupled Receptors  4. Targeted Drug Delivery System 
5. Bioequivalence     6. Nephrotoxic Drugs	7. Evaluation methods for Anti Hypertensive Agents
8. Student’s  t  test =10m		9. Pharmacogenitics =10m	10. Chain and Florey =10m
MARCH/APRIL,2004 (O.R.)  
1. Write an essay on the influence of age on dosage and administration of drugs.
2. Discuss the experimental methods used to evaluate non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory drugs.
3. Write short : a) Regulation of Receptors   b)Pharmaco economics  c) Essential Drug Concept  
     d) Double Blind Tests
MARCH, 2003.
1. Discuss in detail about the presynaptic receptors.
2. Discuss the experimental techniques used in the evaluation of anti-inflammatory drugs.
3. Write short notes on: a) Carcinogenecity testing of new drugs	b) Paired t test
     c) Thin layer chromatography				d) Designing a rational dosage regimen
==

SEPT. /OCT.2002
1. Discuss the pharmacology of hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in the Phase I metabolism of  
    drugs.
2. Discuss the experimental techniques used in the evaluation of psycho-pharmacological drugs.
3. Write short notes on: a) Intracellular receptors	b) Probit     c) Enzyme-immunoassay  
    d) Quantal dose effect curve
MAY, 2000.
1. Describe the experimental methods used to evaluate non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
2. Discuss drug interactions giving suitable examples.
3. Write: a) Radio immuno assay  b) Acute Toxicity studies  c) Methods of prolonging drug action  
     d) Standard error
Year Not Known
1. Write an essay on the influence of age on dosage and administration of drugs.
2. Write briefly on the following: a) Half life of a drug	b) Influence of metabolism on drug  interaction
3. Write: a) Median    b) Null-hypothesis	c) Transdermal administration of drugs   
     d) Cost-benefit analysis of drugs.
*****
Compiled by: V.Suryanarayana, Librarian, Dr.NTRUHS,VJA.
E-mail: vsuryanarayana45@yahoo.co.in
9849355400
It is a special service offered to the medical community since -1981
DR NTR UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, VIJAYAWADA - 8

DR NTR UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, VIJAYAWADA - 8
M.D. DEG. Internal assessment examination – DECEMBER, 2019-PHARMACOLOGY
Paper-II : Pharmacology of Drugs affecting CNS, ANS, CVS and Renal functions-Time: 3 Hours-Max. Marks: 100-Answer all questions-All questions carry equal marks-Draw neat diagrams wherever necessary
Write short essays on the following:
1..Newer Antiepileptics	
2..Role of Aldosterone antagonists in congestive heart failure	
3..Platelet activating factor antagonists	
4..Amino acids as central neurotransmitters	
5..Recent advances in migraine therapy	
6..Cannabinoids as therapeutic agents	
7..Nitric oxide modulators in therapy	
8..Complications of diuretic therapy	
9..Propranolol, its pharmacology and clinical applications	
10..Management of myocardial infarction	
Q.P.CODE:153-NR-DR NTR UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES :: VIJAYAWADA
M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION – OCTOBER, 2019-PHARMACOLOGY-Paper-II : Pharmacology of Drugs affecting CNS, ANS, CVS and Renal functions.-Time: 3 Hrs-Max. Mrks:100-Answer all questions-All questions carry equal marks-Draw neat diagrams wherever necessary
Write short essays on the following:
1..Explain the rationale for Therapeutic uses of Alpha blockers in various diseases and their side 
     effects.
2..Drugs used in the treatment of glaucoma
3..Centrally acting muscle relaxants
4..Pharmacology of drugs used in the treatment of Supraventricular Arrhythmias
5..Combination therapy in hypertension
6..Diuretic resistance
7..Vasopressin analogues
8..Treatment of acute and chronic alcoholism
9..Newer drugs used in treatment of epilepsy
10..Write in detail about drugs used in Parkinsonism affecting brain dopaminergic system
Q.P.CODE:153-NR-DR NTR UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES :: VIJAYAWADA
M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION – APRIL, 2019-PHARMACOLOGY-Paper-II : Pharmacology of Drugs affecting CNS, ANS, CVS and Renal functions-Time: 3 Hours-Max. Marks:100-Answer all questions-All questions carry equal marks-Draw neat diagrams wherever necessary
Write short essays on the following:
1..Classify anticholinergic drugs.  Write the pharmacological action, uses and  side effects of 
     anticholinergic drugs.
2..Drugs acting on autonomic ganglia
3..Intravenous anaesthetics
4..Non benzodiazepines used as hypnotics
5..Mood stabilizing drugs
6..Atypical antidepressants and its uses
7..Role of Synthetic opioids as analgesics
8..Angiotensin receptor blockers
9..Antianginal drugs acting by non hemodynamic mechanism
10.. Write in detail about weak diuretics
==

M.D. DEGREE INTERNAL ASSESSMENT EXAMINATION – DECEMBER, 2018
PHARMACOLOGY-Paper-II : Pharmacology of Drugs affecting CNS, ANS, CVS and Renal functions.-Time: 3 Hours-Max. Marks: 100-Answer all questions-All questions carry equal marks
Draw neat diagrams wherever necessary
Write short essays on the following:
1..Describe the modification of GABA activity in the brain by drugs	
2..Current status in the Pharmacotherapy of Alzheimer’s disease	
3..Discuss the Pharmacology of vasodilatory drugs used in therapeutics	
4..Discuss the pharmacokinetic principles of general anaesthetics	
5. Role of Tamsulosin in Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy	
6. Direct thrombin inhibitors	
7..Discuss the Pharmacology, limitations of drugs acting at Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone system.	
8. Discuss the drugs modifying adenyl cyclase functions	
9..Discuss the Pharmacology of beta blockers	
10.Potassium channel modulators	
Q.P.CODE:153-NR-DR NTR UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES :: VIJAYAWADA
M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION – OCTOBER, 2018-PHARMACOLOGY-Paper-II : Pharmacology of Drugs affecting CNS, ANS, CVS & Renal functions-Time: 3 Hrs-Max. Mrks:100
Answer all questions-All questions carry equal marks-Draw neat diagrams wherever necessary
Write short essays on the following:
1..Drugs affecting Renin-Angiotensin Aldosterone system.
2. Loop diuretics and importance of Diuretic resistance
3. Disease modifying agents used in the treatment of Rheumatoid arthritis
4. Anticoagulant therapy in Chronic kidney disease
5. Newer agents in the treatment of Dyslipidemia
6. Give an account of Skeletal Muscle Relaxants.  Add a note on centrally acting Spasmolytics
7..Drug abuse and doping
8..NMDA receptor antagonists
9. Compare the action and uses of Calcium channel blockers
 10.Drugs acting on Potassium channels
Q.P.CODE:153-NR-DR NTR UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES :: VIJAYAWADA
M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION – DECEMBER, 2017-PHARMACOLOGY-Paper-II : Pharmacology of Drugs affecting CNS, ANS, CVS and Renal functions.-Time: 3 Hrs-Max. Mrks:100-Answer all questions-All questions carry equal marks-Draw neat diagrams wherever necessary
Write short essays on the following:
1..Neurotransmitters involved in Cholinergic pathway
2..Role of Nitric oxide in cardiovascular system
3..Pharmacotherapy of Migraine
4..Discuss the Pharmacology, limitations and recent advances of Renin angiotensin aldosterone 
     system
5..Discuss the recent advances in the pharmacotherapy of mental depression.  Add a note on their 
     mechanisms of action and their current status in therapy
6. Vesico selective drugs
7..Describe the class-3 Antiarrhythmic drugs
8. Give an account of Skeletal Muscle Relaxants.  Add a note on centrally acting spasmolytics
9..Platelet activating factor antagonists  
10.Non-inhalational anaesthetic agents  
==
Q.P.CODE:153-NR-DR NTR UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES :: VIJAYAWADA
M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION – MAY, 2017-PHARMACOLOGY-Paper-II : Pharmacology of Drugs affecting CNS, ANS, CVS and Renal functions.-Time: 3 Hours-Max. Marks:100-Answer all questions-All questions carry equal marks-Draw neat diagrams wherever necessary
Write short essays on the following:
1..Describe briefly the nicotinic and muscarinic effects of Acetylcholine.  Describe  the 
     pharmacological effects and clinical features of malathion poisoning.
2..Write a brief note on the synthesis, reuptake and metabolism of catecholamines and drugs which 
    affect these processes. 
3..Classify the types of beta receptors and their sites.  Classify beta blockers and write a brief note 
     on metoprolol.
4..Classify anesthetic drugs.  Describe briefly the advantages, disadvantages  and uses of halothane 
    and propofol.  
5..Classify antiepileptic drugs.  Which of these drugs are preferred in 
     Pregnancy?   What features will help you decide to withdraw drugs in a   
     patient on antiepileptic treatment for generalized tonic clonic seizures?
6..Second generation antipsychotics
7..Classify anti-anginal drugs and their mechanism of action.  Write a brief note on nitroglycerin.
8..List out the potassium sparing diuretics, their mechanism of action, uses and adverse effects. 
9..Write a brief note on the pharmacology of Digoxin and its current status in clinical practice.
10.Describe briefly the cerebroactive drugs and their use in Alzheimer’s disease. 
DR NTR UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, VIJAYAWADA - 8
M.D. DEGREE INTERNAL ASSESSMENT EXAMINATION – DECEMBER, 2016-PHARMACOLOGY-Paper-II : Pharmacology of Drugs affecting CNS, ANS, CVS and Renal functions.-Time: 3 Hours-Max. Marks: 100-Answer all questions-All questions carry equal marks-Draw neat diagrams wherever necessary
Write short essays on the following:
1..Discuss the pharmacology of vasodilatory drugs used in therapeutics.	
2..Discuss the pharmacology, limitations and recent advances of Renin-angiotensin aldosterone system.	
3..Dronedarone.	
4..Second generation antipsychotics.	
5..Discuss the Pharmacotherapy of dyslipidemia.	
6..Current status in the pharmacotherapy of Alzheimer’s disease.	
7..Describe the applied pharmacology of Na+ Channel blockers.	
8..Alcohol de addiction.	
9..Gabapentin.	
10..Therapeutic uses with rationale of cholinergic agonists.	
153-NR-DR NTR UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES:: VIJAYAWADA
M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION – NOVEMBER, 2016-PHARMACOLOGY
Paper-II : Pharmacology of Drugs affecting CNS, ANS, CVS and Renal functions.
Time: 3 Hours-Max. Marks:100-Answer all questions-All questions carry equal marks-Draw neat diagrams wherever necessary
Write short essays on the following:
1. Cilostazol in cardiovascular diseases
2. N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptors
3. Vasicoselective anticholinergic agents
4. Vasopressin analogues
5. Non-benzodiazepine hypnotics
6. Dapoxetine in premature ejaculation
7. Non-cardiovascular uses of clonidine
8. Nicorandil
9. β blockers in congestive heart failure  
10. Therapeutic potential of cannabinoids
==
153-NR-DR NTR UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES:: VIJAYAWADA
M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION – MAY, 2016-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-II
Pharmacology of Drugs affecting CNS, ANS, CVS & Renal functions.-Time:3 Hrs-
Max. Mrks:100-Answer all questions-All questions carry equal marks-Draw neat diagrams wherever necessary
Write short essays on the following:
1. Endothelin based drug therapies
2. Hepato protective agents
3. Models for evaluation of antiepileptic agents
4. Pharmacotherapy of migraine
5. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutic uses of renin inhibitors
6. Recent advances in drug treatment of bipolar disorders
7. Pharmacotherapy of β-adrenergic antagonists
8. Management of chronic simple glaucoma
9. Drugs altering QTc interval
10. Low molecular weight heparins
DR NTR UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, VIJAYAWADA - 8
M.D. DEG. INTERNAL ASSESSMENT EXAMINATION – DECEMBER, 2015 PHARMACOLOGY-Paper-II : Pharmacology of Drugs affecting CNS, ANS, CVS and Renal functions.-Time: 3 Hours-Max. Marks: 100-Answer all questions-All questions carry equal marks
Draw neat diagrams wherever necessary
Write short essays on the following:
1..Indirectly acting parasympathomimetics (AchE Inhibitors & Anticholinesterase)	
2..Give an account of Skeletal Muscle Relaxants.  Add a note on centrally acting spasmolytics.	
3. Write in detail about Diuretics acting on different segments of the nephron	
4. Inhalational anaesthetics and induction of Anaesthesia.	
5. Enumerate the hypolipidemic drugs and explain the mechanism of action, adverse effects of 
    statins.	
6. Enumerate the drug groups used in congestive cardiac failure.  Add a note on drug used in 
    cardiogenic shock.	
7. Classify antipsychotic drugs and explain mechanism of action, side effects, precautions of 
    widely used atypical antipsychotic drugs.	
8. Classify Antihypertensives.  Add a note on renin angiotensin system and drugs that modify it.	
9. Pain management	
11.Drug abuse and doping	
153-NR-Dr. NTR University of Health Sciences::Vijayawada-520 008
M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION – OCTOBER, 2015-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-II
Pharmacology of Drugs affecting CNS, ANS, CVS and Renal functions-Time: 3 Hrs-Max. Mrks:100-Answer all questions-All questions carry equal marks-Draw neat diagrams wherever 
Write short essays on the following:
1..Ranolazine as antianginal agent.                                        2.Adenosine receptors.	
3.Non-cardiovascular uses of sympathomimetic agents.       4.Vaptans.	
5.Ropinirole in Parkinsonism.                                                6.Pharmacotherapy of neuropathic pain.	
7.Potassium Channel Openers                                                8.Donepezil	
9.Phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitors in congestive heart failure.	
10.Drugs used for management of Huntington’s Chorea.	
153-NR-M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION – APRIL, 2015-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-II
Write short essays on the following:
1. Cardiac excitation – contraction coupling			2. Cannabinoid receptors
3. Models of evaluation of analgesics				4. Benzodiazepine receptor ligands
5. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutic status of third generation beta adrenergic receptor antagonists
6. Pharmacotherapy of insecticide poisoning
7. Mechanisms of Action of Diuretics	8. Current status and treatment of opioid dependence
9. Tacrolimus                                                  10. Skeletal muscle relaxants
MD. DEG. INTERNAL ASSESSMENT EXAMS-DEC. 2014-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-II
Write short essays on the following:
1.Describe the modification of GABA activity in the brain by drugs.	
2.Direct thrombin inhibitors.	
3.Current status in the Pharmacotherapy of Alzheimer’s disease	
4.Discuss in detail the analgesic action and various routes of administration of opiod analgesics.	
5.Discuss the Pharmacology of Cardioselective beta blockers in therapeutics	
6.Describe the applied Pharmacology of Na+ Channel blockers	
7.Vaptans	
8.Second generation antipsychotics	
9.Drugs causing Insomnia	
10.Malignant Hyperthermia	
153-NR-M.D. DEG. EXAMINATION – OCTOBER, 2014-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-II
1. Endothelin receptor antagonists
2. Central α2 agonists
3. Non epileptic use of Antiepileptic drugs
4. Atypical Antipsychotics
5. Pharmacology of drugs acting on proximal renal tubules
6. Drugs used in Hypertensive emergencies
7. Fatty acid oxidation inhibitors
8. Therapeutic uses of Magnesium
9. Enzyme inhibitors in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease
10. Opiod antagonists
153-NR-M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION – APRIL, 2014-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-II
1. β receptor agonists and antagonists in the  treatment of heart failure.
2. Reversible alpha receptor antagonists.    3. Cannabinoid receptors and drugs acting through them.
4. Pre-anaesthetic medication.	         5. 5 HT1A receptor agonists.
6. Endogenous opioid analogues.	         7. Malignant hyperthermia.
8. Cholinomimetic alkaloids.		         9. Nitric Oxide.          10. α 2 (alpha 2) receptor agonists.
MD. DEG.INTERN. ASSESSMENT EXAMS – DEC. 2013 PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-II
1..Epidural anaesthesia.                       2..GABA receptor modulators in therapeutics.	
3..Use of Diuretics in different types of edema.  Add a note on newer agents.	
4..Synthetic and semi synthetic atropine substitutes.	
5..Role of NO in cardiovascular system and coronary vasodilators in treatment of Angina.	
6..Newer anti epileptic agents – Pharmacological and Therapeutic Profile.	
7. Muscarinic Agonists.                                                8. Alcohol de-addiction.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     	
9. Experimental methods to evaluate CNS drugs.       10.SEROTONIN Syndrome.	
153-NR-M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION-OCTOBER, 2013-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-II
1..Summarize pharmacodynamics of morphine in myocardial infarction.
2..Non-epileptic uses with rational of antiepileptic drugs.
3..Summarize the sites of action with examples of drugs modulating adrenergic neurotransmission.
4. Role of diuretics in diabetes insipidus.	
5. Inotropic agents  in therapy of congestive cardiac failure		6. COMT inhibitors.
7. Pharmacotherapy of hypertensive emergency.			8. Varenicline.
9. Role of aldosterone antagonists in congestive heart failure.	10. Ramelteon.
153-NR-M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION – APRIL, 2013-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-II
1..NMDA receptor antagonists and their clinical applications.
2. Neuroleptanalgesia, its advantages and limitations.
3. Propranolol : its pharmacology and clinical applications	       4. Non Benzodiazepine Hypnotics
5. Serotonin – Nor epinephrine reuptake inhibitors
6. D2 (Dopamine) receptor antagonists and their Pharmacology
7. Anti – epileptics acting through GABA enhancement.
8. Pharmacotherapy of Alcohol dependence			        9. Potassium sparing Diuretics
10. Centrally acting Muscle relaxants.
153-NR-MD. DEG. INTERN. ASSESS. EXAM-DEC, 2012-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-II
1..Role of Beta blockers in congestive heart failure		2. Potassium Channel openers
3. Enzyme Inhibitors in Parkinsonism			4. Complications of Diuretic therapy
5. Depolarizing skeletal muscle relaxants		6. GABA receptor modulators in therapeutics
7. ACE inhibitors					8. Parenteral anesthesthetics
9. Mood stabilizers				          10. Drugs used in migraine.
153-NR-M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION-OCTOBER, 2012-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-II
1..Epidural anesthesia					2. Drug therapy of Alzheimer’s disease
3. Anti migraine agents.				4. Use of diuretics in different types of edema.
5. Phosphodiesterase III inhibitors			6. Drugs affecting QT interval.
7. Clinical applications of K+ channel openers	8. Selective β2  agonists
9. Drugs affecting rennin angiotensin aldosterone system.		10. Gabapentin
153-NR-M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION – APRIL, 2012-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-II
1..Summarize the pharmacodynamics of nitrates in angina.
2. Non cardiovascular uses of beta blockers.
3. Summarize the sites of action with examples of drugs modulating cholinergic neurotransmission.
4. Complications of diuretic therapy.		5. Alcohol de-addiction.	6. Z compounds.	
7. Pharmacotherapy of acute left ventricular failure.   8. Adenosine.   9. Tardive dyskinesia.     10. Vaptans.
153-NR-M.D. DEG. EXAMINATION – OCT./NOV., 2011-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-II
1..Summarize the pharmacodynamic of antiepileptics modulating GABA neurotransmitter.
2. Non cardiovascular uses with rational of sympathomimetics.
3. Summarize the sites of action with examples of drugs modulating the renin-angiotensin 
    aldosterone system.
4. Discuss the role of beta blockers in congestive cardiac failure.
5. Anesthetic adjuncts.	6. Anxiolytics.		7. Pharmacotherapy of Alzheimer’s disease.
8. Potassium channel openers.9. Malignant hyperthermia.		10. 5HT3 antagonists.
153-NR-M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION – APRIL, 2011-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-II
1..Summarise the applied pharmacology of sodium channel blockers.
2. Therapeutic uses with rationale of cholinergic agonists.	3. Drugs causing Insomnia.
4. Selective COX-2 inhibitors.		5. Synthetic and semi synthetic atropine substitutes.
6. Drugs used in migraine.			7. Angiotensin receptor blockers.
8. Loop Diuretics.	9. Ketamine.		10. Vigabatrin.
153-NR-M.D. DEG. EXAMINATION – OCT./NOV., 2010-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-II
1..Atypical antidepressants.	2. Treatment of Alcohol Dependence.      3. Drugs causing Insomnia.
4. Selective COX-2 inhibitors.	5. Synthetic and semi synthetic atropine substitutes.
6. Drugs used in migraine.		7. Angiotensin receptor blockers.	8. Loop Diuretics.
9. Ketamine.				10.Vigabatrin.
153-NR-M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION – APRIL, 2010-PHARMACOLOGY-Paper-II 
1. Enzyme inhibitors in Parkinsonism.	2. Complications of Diuretic Therapy.	
3. Treatment of methanol poisoning.		4. Naltrexone.		5. Mood Stabilizers.		
6. Cardioselective beta blockers.		7. Malignant Hyperthermia.
8. Potassium Channel Openers.		9. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.	10. Gabapentin.
153-NR-M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION – APRIL, 2010-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-II
1. Enzyme inhibitors in Parkinsonism.   2. Complications of Diuretic Therapy.
3. Treatment of methanol poisoning.	    4. Naltrexone.	5. Mood Stabilizers.			
6. Cardioselective beta blockers.	    7. Malignant Hyperthermia.  8. Potassium Channel Openers
9. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.			10. Gabapentin.
153-NR-M.D. DEG. EXAMINATION – NOVEMBER, 2009-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-II
1. Inotropic agents in the therapy of congestive cardiac failure.
2. Enzyme inhibition in the therapy of parkinsonism.	3. Na+ channel blockers in therapeutics.
4. Pharmacotherapy of glaucoma.			5. Serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors.
6. Cyclooxgenase inhibitors in therapeutics.		7. Pharmacology of opioids.
8. Depolarizing skeletal muscle relaxants.		9. K+  channel blockers in cardiac arrhythmias.
10. Renal epithelial Na+ channel inhibitors.
153-NR-M.D. DEG. EXAMINATION – APRIL/MAY, 2009-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-II
1. Calcium channel blockers in the therapy of cardiovascular disorders.
2. Pharmacotherapy of benign prostatic hypertrophy. 3. GABA receptor modulators in therapeutics.
4. Pharmacotherapy of Alzheimer’s disease.		5. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.	
6. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors in therapeutics.	7. Pharmacology of prokinetic agents.	
8. Non-depolarising skeletal muscle relaxants.	9. Parenteral anaesthetics.	
10. Potassium sparing diuretics.
153-NR-M.D. DEG. EXAMINATION –PHARMACOLOGY- NOVEMBER, 2008-PAPER-II
1. Discuss the experimental methods used to evaluate antihypertensive drugs.
2. Recent advances in pharmacotherapy of angina pectoris.
3. Animal models of depression and schizophrenia.    4. Sildenafil.    5. Pure opioid antagonists.     
6. Losartan.      7. 5-Hydroxytryptamine agonists.    8. Adenosine.  9. Pharmacotherapy of Migraine.
10. Drugs affecting GABA transmission.
153-NR-M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION – JUNE, 2008-PHARMACOLOGY-Paper-II
1. Discuss the experimental methods used to evaluate antipsychotic drugs.
2. Angiotensin receptor antagonists		3. Pharmacotherapy of mental depression    4. Nicorandil.
5. Platelet activating factor antagonists	6. Role of beta-blockers in congestive heart failure
7. Non-inhalational anaesthetic agents.   8. COMT inhibitors 9. Pentazocine.  10.Potassium sparing diuretics.
153-NR-NOVEMBER, 2007
Write short essays on the following:
1. Discuss the experimental methods used to evaluate NSAID’s (Non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs)
2. Therapeutic uses and adverse effects of Clonidine.
3. SSRI (Selective Serotonin reuptake inhibitors)	4. Amiodarone		5. Vasopeptidase inhibitors
6. Buprenorphine	7. Drug treatment of epilepsy during pregnancy	8. Botulinum Toxin
9. Potassium channel activators	10. Succinylcholine apnoea
MAY/JUNE, 2007 (N.R.)
1. 1 selective antagonists in cardiovascular disorders.    2. Therapeutic uses of anti-colinesterase agents.
3. Aminoacids as central neurotransmitters     4.Pharmacology of vasopressin   5.Role of N0. in the Cardiovascular system.                    6. Uricosuric agents.    7. Inhibition of Na+ - K+ - 2 cl –  symport.                        8. Treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.
9. Depolarizing neuromuscular relaxants.                        10.Cannabinoids as a ‘pharmacological tool’
NOVEMBER-2006 (N.R.)
1. Non depolarizing muscle relaxants		2. Dafetilide	3. Renal epithelial Na= channel inhibitors
4. Therapeutic uses of anti cholinesterase agents  5. Epidural anaesthesia   
6. Mechanisms of action of anti epileptic	     7. NMDA receptor antagonists      8. 5 HT receptor modulators
9. ‘Performance Enhances’ in sports give a brief review.      10.Steroid sparing agents in rheumatoid arthritis.
MAY/JUNE, 2006.  
1. Enzyme inhibitors in the therapy of Parkinson’s disease=10m	2. Anaesthetic adjuncts=10m
3. Therapeutic uses of muscarinic receptor antagonists=10m	4. Inhibitors of Na+ CI- symport=10m
5. Therapeutic uses of nonpeptide angiotensin receptor antagonists=10m	
6. Role of Nitric oxide (NO) in the cardiovascular system=10m     7. Topiramate=10m
8. Selective phosphodiesterase inhibitors in cardiac failure=10m	9. Lefulomide=10m
10.Receptor subtype specific vasopressin antagonists=10m

APR/MAY, 2005. (N.R.)
1. Subtypes of muscarinic receptors		2. Research contributions of “Dr.Black J.W.’
3. Adverse effects of Statins	   4. Indicators and rationale for the use of beta blockers in heart failure.
5. Synthesis and metabolism of 5-HT	   6. Therapeutic and diagnostic uses of nitric oxide
7. Structure activity relationship of phenothiazides		8. Kallikrein inhibitors
9. Pharmacology of “Torsades pointes”        10.Enumerate the sites of actions of drug therapy of heart failure
SEPT./OCT.2004.
1. Discuss the experimental methods used to evaluate antiepileptic drugs	=10x10
2. GABA receptor agonists	3. Cyclo oxygenase 1 sparing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
4. Receptor subtype specific anticholinergic drugs		5. HMG COA reductase inhibitors
6. High celing diuretics	7. Experimental techniques used in the evaluation of Antihypertensive drugs
8.Discuss the mechanism of actions of drugs used in ventricular arrhythmias  9.Seligeline	 10.Erythropoietin.
==
MARCH/APRIL, 2004 (N.R.)  
1. Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist =10m		2. Adverse reactions to Antiepileptic drugs =10m
3. Pre anaesthetic Medication 	4. NMDA Receptors=10m   
5. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors=10m
6. Nootropic Agents=10m     7. Role of Nitric Oxide in CVS Disorders=10m	
8. Nasal Decongestants =10m    9. Cytokines=10m	10.Potassium channel modulators=10m
MARCH/APRIL,2004 (O.R.)
1. Discuss the recent advances in the pharmacotherapy of Mental depression. Add a note on their 
    mechanisms of action and their current status in therapy.
2. Classify the drugs used in Cardiac Arrhythmias. Discuss the mechanism of action of drugs used in Ventricular  
    Arrhythmias.
3. Write: a) Dopamine Receptors   b) Infliximab	   c) Halogenated Anaesthetics   d) Leukotriene Antagonists
SEPT./OCT.2003.
1. Discuss the drug therapy of HIV infection
2. Discuss the mechanism of actions, therapeutic uses, side effects and drug interactions of azole antifungals
3. Write short notes on: a) Insulin sensitizers		b) Drug therapy of infertility
     c) Drug interactions of Warfarin			d) New therapies for osteoporosis
MARCH, 2003    
1. Discuss the pharmacology of drugs used for the management of parkinsonism.
2. Discuss the drug therapy of congestive heart failure.
3. Write short notes on: a) Structure-activity relationship of benzodiazepines.	
     b) Pharmacology of opioid receptors   c) Pharmacotherapy of migraine   d) Newer parenteral anaesthetics
SEPT. /OCT.2002
1. Discuss the pharmacology of drugs acting on the rennin-angiotensin system.
2. Define drug dependence. Discuss the treatment of physically dependent individuals with reference to the 
    specific drugs of abuse.
3. Write short notes on: a) Structure-activity relationship of Catecholamines      b) Newer anti-epileptic drugs
     c) Selective COX-2 inhibitors		  d) Beta blockers in congestive heart failure

MAY, 2000.
1. Discuss the mechanism of actions and present status of drugs used in mental depression.
2. Classify the drugs used in Cardiac Arrhythmias. Discuss the mechanism of actions of drugs used in 
    Ventricular Arrhythmias.
3. Write short: a)Dopamine Receptors  b) Oandonsetron  c) Angiotensin II receptor antagonists  d) Seligeline
Year Not Known
1. Discuss the pharmacology of drugs used in convulsive disorders. Add a note on the recently introduced 
    anticonvulsants.
2. Describe the mechanism of action, therapeutic effects and adverse effects of calcium channel blockers.
3. Write brief notes: a) Pentazocine   b) Lithium carbonate   c) Adenosine receptors   d) Toxicity of digoxin
Compiled by: V.Suryanarayana, Librarian, Dr.NTRUHS,VJA.	

Q.P.CODE:154-NR-DR NTR UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES:: VIJAYAWADA
M.S. DEGREE EXAMINATION – OCTOBER, 2019-PHARMACOLOGY-Paper-III: Drugs affecting Hormones, Chemotherapy and blood-Time: 3 Hours-Max. Marks:100-Answer all questions-All questions carry equal marks-Draw neat diagrams wherever necessary
Write short essays on the following:
1..Mechanism of action and uses of GnRH agonists	
2..Aromatase inhibitors in the treatment of breast cancer	
3..Bisphosphonates: mechanism of action, uses and side effects	
4..Role of Antiandrogen in treatment of various diseases	
5..Parenteral iron preparations, its uses and side effects	
6..Drugs used in lowering LDL cholesterol	
7..Rationale for using antimicrobial combinations	
8..Drugs used in prophylaxis of HIV infection	
9..General toxicity of anticancer drugs and toxicity ameliorating agents	
10..Topical antifungals	
154 IA-Dr. NTR University of Health Sciences::AP::Vijayawada – 520 008
M.D.DEGREE INTERNAL ASSESSMENT EXAMINATION - JUNE, 2019-PHARMACOLOGY
Paper-III: Drugs affecting Hormones, Chemotherapy and blood-Time: 3 Hours-Max. Marks:100-Answer all questions-All questions carry equal marks
Write short essays on the following:
1..General principles of antimicrobial therapy and resistance	
2..Enumerate beta lactam antibiotics.   Write in detail about 3rd generation cephalosporins	
3..Enumerate drugs used in tuberculosis and write about treatment of drug resistant TB	
4..What are hematinics and mention their uses and write in detail about iron preparations and treatment 
    of anemia	
5..Enumerate about antiplatelet therapy	
6..Write briefly on anticoagulants and fibrionolytics in clinical use	
7..Newer insulin preparations	
8..Corticosteroid preparations and uses	
9..Write in detail about drugs effecting calcium balance	
10..Enumerate oral hypoglycemic agents with note on newer agents.	
Q.P.CODE:154-NR-DR NTR UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES:: VIJAYAWADA
M.S. DEGREE EXAMINATION – APRIL, 2019-PHARMACOLOGY-Paper-III: Drugs affecting 
Write short essays on the following:
1..Rationale of drugs used in preoperative management of toxic nodular goiter and its side effects 	
2..Write in detail the gene mediated cellular actions of glucocorticoids	
3..Write the therapeutic uses of testosterone preparations and its side effects	
4..Drugs used as abortifacients	
5..Pharmacological basis of drugs used in treatment of bleeding	
6..Name Plasma expanders, their desirable properties and uses	
7..Third generation cephalosporins	
8..Write in detail about general principles used in chemotherapy of cancer	
9..Drugs used in treatment of reactions in leprosy	
10..Artemisinin based combination therapy	
Q.P.CODE:154-NR-DR NTR UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES:: VIJAYAWADA
M.S. DEGREE EXAMINATION – OCTOBER, 2018-PHARMACOLOGY-Paper-III: Drugs 
1..Uterine stimulants and relaxants                                        2. Fibrinolytics and antifibrinolytics	
3. Newer drugs in the management of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	
4. Chemoprophylaxis in surgical procedures                         5. Target specific Anticancer drugs	
6. Protease inhibitors and fusion inhibitors in the treatment of HIV infection	
7. Topical antifungal agents                              8. Discuss in brief the immunosuppressive agents	
9. Glycopeptide antibiotics	
10.Fourth generation cephalosporins	
Q.P.CODE:154-NR-DR NTR UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES:: VIJAYAWADA
M.S. DEGREE EXAMINATION – DECEMBER, 201-PHARMACOLOGY-Paper-III: Drugs affecting Hormones, Chemotherapy and blood. -Time: 3 Hours-Max. Marks:100-Answer all questions-All questions carry equal marks  -Draw neat diagrams wherever necessary
Write short essays on the following:
1..Drugs used in the Multi resistant Tuberculosis	
2..Newer Macrolides	
3. Extended Spectrum Penicillins	
4. Discuss the drugs affecting Calcium metabolism	
5. Describe the Plant derived anticancer agents	
6. Newer Antiplatelet drugs	
7. Management of Osteoporosis in Post menopausal women.	
8. Drug therapy of infertility	
9. Treatment of 
a) Thyroid storm
b) Myxoedema coma	
10.Novel Insulin formulations	
154 IA-Dr. NTR University of Health Sciences::AP::Vijayawada – 520 008
M.D.DEGREE INTERNAL ASSESSMENT EXAMINATION - JUNE, 2017-PHARMACOLOGY
Paper-III: Drugs affecting Hormones, Chemotherapy and blood.-Time: 3 Hrs-Max. Mrks:100-Answer all questions-All questions carry equal marks
Write short essays on the following:
1..GNRH Analogues	
2..Radio-active isotopes in Chemotherapy of malignancy	
3..Pharmacotherapy of Osteoporosis	
4..Haemopoietic Growth factors	
5..Ivermectin	
6..Management of Nosocomial infection	
7..Role of Prostaglandins in labour	
8. Rational use of antimicrobials	
9. Treatment of multidrug resistant malaria	
10.Neuraminidase inhibitors	
Q.P.CODE:154-NR-DR NTR UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES:: VIJAYAWADA
M.S. DEGREE EXAMINATION – MAY, 2017-PHARMACOLOGY-Paper-III: Drugs affecting Hormones, Chemotherapy and blood. -Time: 3 Hours-Max. Marks:100-Answer all questions-All questions carry equal marks-Draw neat diagrams wherever necessary
Write short essays on the following:
1..Classify Oral Hypoglycemic drugs.  Add a brief note on the pharmacology of Dapagliflozin.	
2..Write a note on the current status of Hormone Replacement Therapy in women.	
3..What is molecularly Targeted Therapy in cancer treatment?  Give examples.  Write a brief note on 
    Imatinib.	
4..Erythropoietin	
5..List out the NOACs (Novel Oral Anticoagulant Drugs) and their mode of action.  How are they 
     different from Warfarin?  Mention their indications.	
6..Describe briefly the plasminogen system and mention the various thrombolytics, their 
    pharmacological properties and clinical uses.	
7..Describe briefly the drugs treatment of tuberculosis in India, as per the latest guidelines.	
8..Strategies for evaluation of newer antimalarial drugs.	
9..List out the beta lactam antibiotics.  Write a brief note on the pharmacology and uses of 
    Meropenem.	
10.Discuss briefly the use of corticosteroids for the treatment of Non-Endocrine diseases.  List out 
     the adverse effects of long term corticosteroid use.	
==

154-NR-Dr. NTR UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES:: VIJAYAWADA
M.S. DEGREE EXAMINATION – NOVEMBER, 2016-PHARMACOLOG-Paper-III: Drugs affecting Hormones, Chemotherapy and blood.-Time: 3 Hours-Max. Marks:100-Answer all questions-All questions carry equal marks-Draw neat diagrams wherever necessary
Write short essays on the following:
1..Aromatase inhibitors                 2..Epalrestat                      3..Angiogenesis inhibitors	
4..Darbepoetin                               5..Paromomycin               6..Glycopeptide antimicrobials	
7..Plasma expanders                      8..Echinocandins              9..Raltegravir              10.Sitagliptin	
154 IA-Dr. NTR University of Health Sciences::AP::Vijayawada – 520 008
M.D.DEGREE Internal Assessment Examination - JULY, 2016-Pharmacology-Paper-III: Drugs 
1..Treatment of Infertility.	
2..Treatment Guidelines of XMDR Tuberculosis.	
3..Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Inhibitors.	
4..Haemopoietic Growth Factors.	
5..Androgen Receptor Antagonists.	
6..Monoclonal antibody use in cancer chemotherapy.	
7..Evaluation of a new antimalarial agent.	
8. Management of Osteoporosis in Post menopausal women.	
9..Biological Response modifiers.	
10.Medical Treatment of Obesity.	
154-NR-DR NTR UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES:: VIJAYAWADA
M.S. DEGREE EXAMINATION – MAY, 2016-PHARMACOLOGY
Paper-III: Drugs affecting Hormones, Chemotherapy and blood. -Time: 3 Hours-Max. Marks:100
1..Mitotane                       2. Denosumab     3. Tyrosine protein kinase inhibitors    4. Dabigatran	
5. Glucocorticoid synthesis inhibitors          6. Polypeptide antimicrobials     7. Anticancer antibiotics	
8. Spinosad                      9. Nephrotoxic drugs                10.Bromocriptine in type 2 diabetes mellitus	
154-NR-DR NTR UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES:: VIJAYAWADA
M.S. DEGREE EXAMINATION – OCTOBER, 2015-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-III
1.Management of nosocomial infections        2.Antiplatelet drugs	
3.Β lactamase inhibitors                                  4.HRT	
5.Insulin sensitizers                                         6.Current concepts in treatment of Prostrate carcinoma	
7.Renal friendly diuretics                                8.Rational use of Anti Microbial Agents	
9.Uterine stimulants                              10.Challenges in antimicrobial and anticancer drug resistance	
154 IA-Dr. NTR University of Health Sciences::AP::Vijayawada – 520 008
MD.DEG. INTERN. ASSESSMENT EXAMS- JUN, 2015-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-III
1.Treatment of Psoriasis                                           2.Treatment guidelines of XMDR Tuberculosis	
3.GnRh agonists and their uses                                4.Gene therapy in treatment of cancerous conditions	
5.SERMs           6.Myeloid growth factors              7.Carbapenems	
8.Newer anti malarial drug evaluation                     9.Treatment of vancomycin resistant infections	
10.Haemostatic agents	
154-NR-M.S. DEGREE EXAMINATION – APRIL, 2015-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-III
1.Management of opportunistic infections           2.HAART	
3.Nephrotoxic drugs                                             4.Newer antidiabetic agents	
5.Clinical classification of glucocorticoids and S/E on chronic use	
6.Artemisinin combination       7.Miltefosine       8.Problem of antibiotic misuse	
9.Therapy of recurrent UTI       10.Topical antifungals	
154-NR-M.S. DEG. EXAMINATION – OCTOBER, 2014-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-III
1.Thrombopoietic growth factors                                    2.Spiramycin	
3.Androgen receptor antagonists                                     4.Bisphosphonates	
5.Limitations of various viral vaccines.                    6.Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM)	
7.Aromatase inhibitors	
8.Therapeutic options available for the management of Chloroquine resistant plasmodium falciparum malaria	
9.Echinocandins               10.Microtubular disruptors in cancer chemotherapy	
==
154 IA-MD.DEG. Inter. Assessment Exams-JUNE, 2014—PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-III
1..Antiplatelet Drugs.                                    2..Discuss the recent advances in the treatment of AIDS.	
3..Glucocorticoid synthesis inhibitors.          4..Drug therapy of XDR tuberculosis.	
5..Anti-progestins.                                         6. Anti cancer antibiotics.	
7. Insulin analogues                                      8. Mechanism of antimicrobial drug resistance.	
9. Biological response modifiers.                10.Neuraminidase inhibitors.	
154-NR-M.S. DEGREE EXAMINATION – APRIL, 2014-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-III
1..Glucocorticoids: Mechanism of Anti-inflammatory effects and its adverse effects.	
2..Glycopeptide antibiotics.                           3..Anti-metabolites in cancer chemotherapy.	
4..Amphotericin B.                                         5..Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV inhibitors.	
6..Artemisinin combination therapies.	
7..Pharmacokinetics of oral Iron and management of Iron over dosage.	
8..Antimicrobial resistance and ways to tackle it.      9. Drug therapy of Multibacillary leprosy.	
10.Fibrinolytic drugs.	
154-NR-MS. DEGREE EXAMINATION-OCTOBER, 2013-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-III
1..Mecasermin.  2. Ulipristal.  3.Drugs effective against methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus.
4. Sargramostim.		5. Streptogramins.			6. Respiratory fluoroquinolones.
7. GP IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists.    8. Entecavir.    9. Tigecycline.    10.Designer insulins.
M.S. DEG. INTERNAL EXAMINATION – JUNE, 2013-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-III
1..Treatment of infertility              2. Streptogramins and treatment of MRSA infections
3. Enumerate about anti platelet drugs used in the disorders of coagulation
4. Discuss the current status of pharmacotherapy of chloroquine resistant falciparum malaria and  
    add a note on malaria prophylaxis.
5. Incretins in therapy of Type II diabetes		6. Protease inhibitors
7. Insulin analogues					8. Biological response modifiers
9. Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM)	10. Androgen receptor antagonists
154-NR-M.S. DEGREE EXAMINATION – APRIL, 2013-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-III
1..Rapidly acting insulins	2. Bisphosphonates		3. Oral contraception for men
4. Radioactive Iodine		5. Anti-retroviral drugs	6. GnRH analogues
7. Anti-Pseudomonal antimicrobials				8. Antiplatelet agents
9. Erythropoietin		10.Drug therapy of Scabies
154-NR-M.S. DEG. EXAMINATION – OCTOBER, 2012-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-III
1..Ivermectin				     2.Drugs for pharmacotherapy of systemic fungal infection
3. Drugs for management of osteoporosis 4. Direct thrombin inhibitors
5. Dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors	       6. Recent developments in drug treatment of malaria
7. Preparation and therapeutic uses of Vitamin D
8. Drugs obtained from recombinant DNA technology 
9. L – asparaginase			      10.Management of thyrotoxic crisis
154-NR-M.S. DEGREE EXAMINATION – APRIL, 2012-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-III
1..Aromatase inhibitors   2. Bisphosphonates                  3. Pharmacotherapy of anaerobic infections
4. Dabigatran                   5. Beta-lactamase inhibitors     6. Zanamivir
7. Androgen receptor antagonists      8. Ezetimibe           9. Sodium glucose co-transporter inhibitors
10.Tyrosine kinase inhibitors
154-NR-M.S. DEG. EXAMINATION – OCT./NOV., 2011-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-III
1..Incretins			2. Peroxidase inhibitors	3. Antipseudomonal antimicrobials
4. Fractionated heparins	5. Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors		6. Cetuximab
7. 2-mercaptoethanesulphonate	8. DOTS	9. Leuprolide		10. Enfuvirtide
154-NR-M.S. DEGREE EXAMINATION – APRIL, 2011-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-III
1..PPAR & agonists.		2. Estrogen synthesis inhibitors.		3. Streptogramins.
4. Direct thrombin inhibitors.	5. β Lactamase inhibitors.			6. Bevacizumab.
7. Rescue factor.		8. ABVD regimen.	9. Goserelin.		10. Oseltamivir.
154-NR-M.S. DEG. EXAMINATION – OCT./NOV., 2010-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-III
1..Plasma Expanders.		2. Antimicrobial prophylaxis.		3. Protease inhibitors.
4. Role of Glucocorticoids in tuberculosis.		5. Treatment of multi drug resistant malaria.
6. Biological response modifiers.			7. Insulin analogues.
8. Bromocriptine.	9. Griseofulvin.		10. Drugs used in Gonorrhea.
154-NR-M.S. DEGREE EXAMINATION – APRIL, 2010-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-III
1. Antiplatelet Drugs.					2. Mechanism of antimicrobial drug resistance.
3. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.	4. Artemisinin.
5. Drugs used in hepatic amoebiasis.	          6. Radioactive isotopes in chemotherapy of malignancy.
7. Rosiglitazone.			          8. Selective oestrogen receptors modulators (SERMs).
9. Amphotericin B.        10.DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment Short Course) regimens in Tuberculosis.
154-NR-M.S. DEG. EXAMINATION – NOVEMBER, 2009-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-III
1. GnRH and its analogues.	2. Chemoprophylaxis		3. Streptogramins
4. Myeloid growth factors.	5. Treatment of MDR tuberculosis.    6. Anthracycline antibiotics.
7. Insulin secretagogues in type2 Diabetes Mellitus.	   8. Sex hormone antagonists in therapeutics	
9. Reverse transcriptase inhibitors in HIV.                 10. Fractionated heparin.
154-NR-M.D. DEG. EXAMINATION – APRIL/MAY, 2009-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-III
1. Somatostatin & its analogues.   2.Advantages & limitations of antimicrobial combination therapy
3. Linezolid.    4. Erythropoietin.    5. Multidrug therapy in leprosy.
6. Peroxidase inhibitors in therapy of hyperthyroidism.		7. Taxanes.
8. Pharmacotherapy of osteoporosis.   9. Protease inhibitors in HIV.  10. Direct thrombin inhibitors.
154-NR-M.D. DEG. EXAMINATION – PHARMACOLOGY-NOVEMBER, 2008
1. Describe the mechanism of action and adverse effects of anti-cancer drugs.   
2. Chemoprophylaxis of tuberculosis.	3. Vancomycin resistant enterococcal infections.	  
4. Drug therapy of schistosomiasis.	5. Newer drugs used for systemic fungal infections.	
6. Hormone replacement therapy in menopausal women.	 	7. 5-Alpha reductase inhibitors  
8.Drugs affecting skin pigmentation  	9.Hemostatic agents.  	10.Drug therapy of infertility.
154-NR-M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION – JUNE, 2008-PHARMACOLOGY-Paper-III 
1. Classify the drugs used in AIDS.  Describe the pharmacology of reverse transcriptase inhibitors.  Add a 
     note on recent advances in the treatment of acquired immuno deficiency syndrome.
2. Immunostimulants.	3. Drug therapy of Paget’s disease of bone.  4. Finasteride.      5. Insulin sensitizers     
6. Anti-progestins.	7. Drugs used in Psoriasis.	8. Drug therapy of Acne Vulgaris
9. Newer anti-platelet drugs.		     	10.Tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
154-NR-NOVEMBER, 2007
1. Discuss the recent advances in the management of Diabetes Mellitus	
2. Injectable Contraceptives  3. Use of fluoroquinolones in mycobacterial diseases   4. Newer anti-malarials
5. Treatment of H-Pylori infection	6. Selective oestrogen receptor modulators	7. Danazol
8. Management of Hirsutism		9. Drugs used in neutropenia			10.Flutamide
MAY/JUNE, 2007 (N.R.)
1. Low molecular weight Heparins.           2. PPAR-r agonists in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
3. Carbapenems    4.Drugs for Mycobacterium avium complex.  5.Pharmacotherapty of osteoporosis  6.Prokinetic agents.	7. Immunostimulants      			 8.Inhalational corticosteroids    
9.Iodides in therapy of thyroid disorders. 			10.Direct thrombin inhibitors.
NOVEMBER-2006 (N.R.)
1. Myeloid growth factors   2.B lactamase inhibitors    3.Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM)
4. ‘Post antibiotic effect’ – implications in therapeutics	5. Ketolides	6. Novel Insulin formulations
7. Calcineurin inhibitors		8. Treatment of MDR tuberculosis	9.Uterine stimulants and relaxants
10.’Anti microbial Combination Therapy’ 
MAY/JUNE, 2006.  
1. Therapeutic uses of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)=10m
2. Meglitinide class in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus=10m	3. DOTS-Plus in MDR tuberculosis=10m
4. Antipseudomonal B lactams=10m			5. Epoetin-alfa=10m
6. Chemoprophylaxis in surgical procedures=10m   7. Anthracycline antibiotics in cancer chemotherapy=10
8. Enfuvirtide=10m	9. Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs)=10m	10.Lepirudin=10m 
APR/MAY, 2005.  
1. Heparin in resistance	2. Alpha glucosidase inhibitors        3. Selective oestradiol receptor modulators
4. Current drug therapy of leishmaniasis     5. Methods of testing antimicrobial activity of drug combinations
6. Once-daily dosing regimen of aminoglycosides		7. Recombinant human thrombopoietein
8. Role of quinolones in anti-tubercular drug therapy     9. Multidrug therapy of HIV infections  10.Paclitaxel

SEPT./OCT.2004.  
1. Discuss in brief the immunosuppressive agents    =10 x 10==2. Newer Insulins  
3. Fourth generation cephalosporins
4. Monoclonal antibodies in cancer therapy	5. Ivermectin	6. Carbapenems	    7. Prokinetic agents	
8. Thrombolytic drugs      9. Quinupristin/Dalfopristin		10.Drugs acting on uterus
MARCH/APRIL, 2004. (N.R.)  
1. Discuss in brief the Pharmacology of Non Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors =10m
2. Newer Drugs for systemic fungal infections =10m
3. Write the mechanism of action of Fluoroquinolones. Add a note on newer Fluoroquinolones=10m
4. Treatment Regimens for Chloroquine resistant Malaria =10m 	      5. Antipseudomonal Drugs =10m	
6. Newer Oral hypoglycemic agents =10m	7. Discuss the Pharmacotherapy of infertility=10m	
8. Praziquantel      9. Low Molecular weight Heparins and their merits over conventional Heparin therapy 
10. Antiprogestin.=10
MARCH/APRIL, 2004. (O.R.)
1. Discuss in detail the chemotherapy of Malaria. Add a note on the management of chloroquine resistant 
    malaria.
2. Discuss the mechanism of action and therapeutic uses of Estrogens.
3. Write short notes on: a) Chemoprophylaxis	b) Newer drugs for systemic fungal infection
     c) Low Molecular Weight heparins		d) Reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
SEPT./OCT.2003 (N.R.)
    Write short essays on the following: 10 x 10=100marks
1. Extended spectrum penicillins	2. Third Generation Cephalosporins	3. Azole antifungal agents
4. Newer drugs for AID’s therapy	5. New drugs used in leprosy		6. Immunomodulators
7. Ivermectin		8. Radioactive Isotopes      9. Growth Hormones	10.Anti-Oestrogens.
SEPT./OCT. 2003. (N.R.)
1. Macrolides 	2. Carbapenema	      3. Fluoroquinolones   (Each 10marks)  
4. Chemoprophylaxis of Tuberculosis
5. New Drugs used in Resistant Malaria		6. Gene Therapy      7. Oxamniquine	8. Antimetabolites       
9. Fibrinolytic Agents	     10.Human Insulins 
SEPT./OCT.2003. (O.R.)
1. Discuss the drug therapy of HIV infection.
2. Discuss the mechanism of actions, therapeutic uses, side effects and drug interactions of azole antifungals.
3. Write short notes on: a) Insulin sensitizers		b) Drug therapy of infertility
     c) Drug interactions of Warfarin			d) New therapies for osteoporosis.
MARCH, 2003.
1. Discuss the pharmacology of quinolone anti-microbial agents.  
2. Discuss the pharmacology of antiplatelet drugs.
3. Write short notes on: a) Antimicrobial prophylaxis	b) Drug interactions with itraconazole
     c) Hormone replacement therapy				d) Newer Insulin preparations.
SEPT. /OCT.2002
1. Discuss the recent developments in the drug therapy of diabetes mellitus.
2. Discuss the recent developments in the treatment of myocobacterium infections.
3. Write short notes on: a) Treatment of Plague		b) Immunosuppressant drugs
     c) Bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents		d) Fourth generation cephalosoprins
MAY, 2000.
1.Write an essay on Aminoglycoside antibiotics.
2.Write an essay on the clinical pharmacology of Vasopressin peptides.
3. a)Fibrinolytics  b)Immunosuppressive drugs c)Newer Macroloid antibiotic 
   d)Broad spectrum anti-fungal drugs
Year Not Known
1. Discuss the pharmacology and therapeutic uses of quinolones.			
2. Write briefly on: a) Drugs useful in AIDS		b) Antithyroid drugs.
3. Write short: a) Newer Insulin preparations	   b) Erythropoietin     
c) Drug combinations used in malignancy  d) Rifampicin
Compiled by: V.Suryanarayana, Librarian, Dr.NTRUHS,VJA.	
E-mail: vsuryanarayana45@yahoo.co.in
DR NTR UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES :: VIJAYAWADA - 8
MD DEG. Internal Assessment Examinations – DECEMBER, 2019-PHARMACOLOGY
PAPER-IV: Clinical Pharmacology – Therapeutics-Time: 3 Hours-Max.Marks: 100-Answer All Questions-All Questions Carry Equal Marks-Draw a neat and labeled diagrams wherever necessary
Write short essays on the following:
1..Novel methods of drug delivery	
2..Evidence Based Medicine	
3..Topical antifungal agents	
4..Composition and functions of Ethics Committee	
5..Novel Insulin formulations	
6..Drug therapy of Psoriasis	
7..Cytokines as potential therapeutic agents	
8..Drug holiday	
9..Drug therapy of osteoporosis	
10..Side effects and uses of glucocorticoids 	
Q.P.CODE:155-NR-DR NTR UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES:: VIJAYAWADA
M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION – OCTOBER, 2019-PHARMACOLOGY-Paper-IV : Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics-Time: 3 Hours-Max. Marks:100-Answer all questions-All questions carry equal marks-Draw neat diagrams wherever necessary
Write short essays on the following:
1..Pharmacotherapy of vomiting due to different causes	
2..Antibiotics used in the management of hospital acquired infections	
3..Drugs used as sunscreens	
4..Immunosuppressive therapy used in organ transplantation	
5..Randomization and use of placebo in phase III clinical trials 	
6..Anthelmintic treatment of neurocysticercosis	
7..Drugs used as surface anaesthetics and their uses	
8..Pharmacotherapy of gout	
9..Drugs used in treatment of erectile dysfunction	
10..Drug therapy of acne vulgaris	
Q.P.CODE:155-NR-DR NTR UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES:: VIJAYAWADA
M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION – APRIL, 2019-PHARMACOLOGY-Paper-IV : Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics-Time: 3 Hours-Max. Marks:100-Answer all questions-All questions carry equal marks-Draw neat diagrams wherever necessary
Write short essays on the following:
1..Pharmacotherapy of irritable bowel syndrome	
2..Indications of drugs used in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis	
3..Pharmacotherapy of acute left ventricular failure	
4..Drugs used in management of threatened abortion and its side effects	
5..What are the regulatory guidelines for reporting of adverse effects in clinical trial?	
6..What are the drugs used in hypertensive emergencies?	
7..Write in detail about the antibiotics used in the treatment of urinary tract infections	
8..Pharmacological management of filariasis	
9..Drugs used in the treatment of hyperpigmented patches	
10..Meta analysis of clinical trial	
DR NTR UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES :: VIJAYAWADA - 8
MD Degree Internal Assessment Examinations – DECEMBER, 2018-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-IV: Clinical Pharmacology – Therapeutics-Time: 3 Hrs-Max.Marks: 100-Answer All 
1..Duties and responsibilities of ethics committee         2..Rational Prescribing	
3..Drug delivery in dermatological diseases                   4..Drug utilization studies	
5..Current status of Phosphodiesterase III inhibitors      6.Biological response modifiers	
7. Current concepts in the treatment of hypertension	
6. Management of general toxicities of anti-cancer drugs.	
9. Pharmacogenomics                                       10.Selective Estrogen Receptor down regulators.	
Q.P.CODE:155-NR-Dr. NTR UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES:: VIJAYAWADA
M.D. Degree Examination – OCTOBER, 2018-Pharmacology-Paper-IV : Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics-Time: 3 Hours-Max. Marks:100-Answer all questions-All questions carry equal marks-Draw neat diagrams wherever necessary
Write short essays on the following:
1..Periodic safety update report                   2..Recent advances in the treatment of Bronchial asthma	
3..Describe the various phases of clinical evaluation of investigating a new drug	
4..Toxicity amelioration of Anticancer drugs           5..Therapeutic drug monitoring	
6..Drug therapy of Alzheimer’s disease                   7..Pleiotropic effects of statins	
8. Define the term bioavailability.Discuss it clinical importance and the various factors affecting    
    bio-availability of drugs	
9. Pharmacoepidemiology                   10.Recent advances in the management of cardiogenic shock	
155-NR-DR NTR UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES:: VIJAYAWADA
M.D. Degree Examination – DECEMBER,  2017-Pharmacology-Paper-IV: Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics-Time: 3 Hours-Max. Marks:100-Answer all questions-All questions carry equal marks-Draw neat diagrams wherever necessary
Write short essays on the following:
1..Cohort event monitoring in Pharmacovigilance	
2..Clinical pharmacology of orphan drugs and Spare Receptors	
3..Alternatives to the use of animals in drug research	
4..Enzyme inhibitors in Pharmacotherapeutics	
5..The therapeutic potential of Melatonin	
6. Role of gonadotrophins in the treatment of infertility	
7. Composition and functions of human ethics committee	
8. Pharmacotherapy of Inflammatory Bowel disease	
9. Alzheimer’s disease – current and future drug therapy	
10.Newer drugs in the treatment of Peptic ulcer	
155-NR-DR NTR UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES:: VIJAYAWADA
M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION – MAY, 2017-PHARMACOLOGY-Paper-IV : Clinical 
1..Mention the drugs used in the treatment of bronchial asthma and their mode of action.  Write a 
     drug prescription for a patient with acute severe asthma.	
2..Classify hypolipidemic drugs.  Describe the current status of use of statins in cardiology.  Add a 
     brief note on their adverse effects.	
3..Anti H.Pylori regimens in the treatment of peptic ulcer.	
4..Anti-hepatitis virus drugs                                                   5..Drug therapy of psoriasis	
6..Describe briefly the ethical guidelines for biomedical research in humans in India.  Add a critical 
     review of these guidelines.	
7..Generic drugs	
8. Define insulin resistance.  Mention the factors leading to insulin resistance and its consequences.  
    How ill you manage insulin resistance?	
9. Drug use in the geriatric age group                   10.Combined use of antimicrobials	
DR NTR UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES :: VIJAYAWADA - 8
MD Degree Internal Assessment Examinations – DECEMBER, 2016-Pharmacology-Paper-IV: Clinical Pharmacology – Therapeutics-Time: 3 Hours-Max.Marks: 100-Answer All Questions -All Questions Carry Equal Marks	-Draw a neat and labeled diagrams wherever necessary
Write short essays on the following:
1..Composition and functions of Ethics Committee.     2. Tropical antifungal agents	
3. Protease inhibitors.                                                    4. Drugs used in Acute Myocardial Infarction	
5. Novel Insulin Formulations.                                      6. Echinocandins.	
7. Current trends in Anticoagulants.                              8. Transgenic animals.	
9. Drug therapy of Psoriasis.	
10.Give an outline of pathophysiology of Bronchial Asthma.  Discuss recent advances in its management.	
==

155-NR-DR NTR UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES:: VIJAYAWADA
M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION – NOVEMBER, 2016-PHARMACOLOGY-Paper-IV : Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics-Time: 3 Hours-Max. Marks:100-Answer all questions-All questions carry equal marks-Draw neat diagrams wherever necessary
Write short essays on the following:
1..Drug use in Pediatrics                                                      2..Drug therapy of oligospermia	
3..Drug therapy of multidrug resistant tuberculosis            4. Drug therapy of acne vulgaris	
5. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α inhibitors                       6. Purine antagonists	
7. Drug therapy of alopecia                                                 8. Drotrecogin alpha	
9. Prophylactic use of antimicrobials                                  10.Diagnostic agents used in eye	
155-NR-DR NTR UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES:: VIJAYAWADA
M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION – MAY, 2016-PHARMACOLOGY-Paper-IV : Clinical 
Write short essays on the following:
1..Evidence based medicine                         2..Primary and secondary endpoints in therapeutics	
3..CPCSEA (Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals) role 
    and responsibilities	
4. CONSORT statement                                    5. Importance of clinical trial audit	
6. Drug therapy of osteoporosis                         7. Drug therapy of Diabetic ketoacidosis	
8. Pharmacotherapy of deep vein thrombosis    9. Insulin analogues	
10.Drug abuse in competitive sports	
DR NTR UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES :: VIJAYAWADA - 8
MD Deg.Internal Assessment Examinations – DECEMBER, 2015 Pharmacology-Paper-IV: 
Write short essays on the following:
1..Discuss in detail about the recent advances in the treatment of Hepatitis ‘B’ virus infection.	
2. Ethical aspects in human research     3. Newer anti-coagulants          4. Off -label use of drugs	
5. Discuss the various methods adopted for monitoring of adverse drug reactions.  How is the data 
    obtained useful for Pharmacotherapy in human beings?	
6. Alzheimer’s disease – current and future drug therapy	
7. Discuss the recent advances in the treatment of type II Diabetes Mellitus.	
8. Cytokine inhibitors	
9. Cinacalcet	
10.Novel drug delivery systems	
155-NR-Dr. NTR University of Health Sciences::Vijayawada-520 008
M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION – OCTOBER, 2015-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-IV
1.Drug use in Geriatrics.                                     2.Novel methods of drug delivery     
3.Drug therapy of Visceral Leishmaniasis         4.Drug therapy of Vitiligo.	
5.Interleukin-1 receptor antagonists.                  6.Folate antagonists.	
7.Drospirenone.                                                  8.Transfusional haemostatic agents.	
9.Pharmacotherapy of toxoplasmosis.               10.Drug induced ocular toxicity	
155-NR-M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION – APRIL, 2015-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-IV
1.Role and responsibilities of IEC.                     2. Personalized drug therapy and designer drugs.	
3.Drug-food interaction.                                     4.Integrated approach in Pharmacotherapy	
5.Biomarker in clinical evaluation of drugs.	
6.Drug therapy of PSVT (Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia).	
7.Pharmacotherapy of Resistant malaria.          8.Current concepts in the treatment of Hypertension.	
9.Recent advances in the management of post menopausal osteoporosis.     10.Counterfeit drugs.	
MD DEG. INTER. ASSESSMENT EXAMS-DEC., 2014-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-IV
1.Drug therapy of acne Vulgaris.	
2.Write about cannabinoid receptors.  Add a note on the role of cannabinoids in the treatment of 
   obesity.  Discuss the applied anatomy of drugs effective in the treatment of obesity.	
3.Pharmacovigilance.                     4.Discuss the current concepts in the treatment of Hypertension.	
5.Drug abuse in sports.                   6.Current status of phosphodiesterase III inhibitors.	
7.Treatment of Insulin resistance.   8.Selective Oestrogen Receptor Downregulators.	
9.Informed consent form.               10.Pharmacogenomics.	
155-NR-M.D. DEG. EXAMINATION-OCTOBER, 2014=PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-IV
1.Drug therapy of migraine                                      2.Management of acute severe bronchial asthma	
3.Current status of Fluoroquinolones as Antibacterial agents      4.Treatment of H.pylori infection	
5.Drugs used in treatment  of  Inflammatory bowel disease	
6.Prostaglandin analogues used in obstetrics	
7.Management of Myxedema coma	
8.Merits and demerits of Hormonal contraceptive preparations	
9.Drug therapy of Obesity.                                            10.Gene therapy for inherited conditions	
155-NR-M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION – APRIL, 2014-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-IV
1..Anti obesity drugs.                                       2..Acetaminophen Poisoning.	
3..Drug therapy of Kala-azar.                           4..Hypolipidemic drugs.	
5.Drug therapy of XDR Tuberculosis.      6.Pharmacotherapy of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder	
7..Phosphodiesterase inhibitors.           8..Urinary antiseptics and analgesics.	
9..Drug therapy of Bipolar disorders.  10.Chelating agents.	
MD DEG. INTERNAL ASSESSMENT EXAMS – DECEMBER, 2013-PHARMACOLOGY
1..Recent advances in Management of Post menopausal Osteoporosis.	
2. Recent advances in Treatment of Obesity.             3. Pharmaco economics – its applications	
4. GCP guidelines.                                                      5. Novel methods of drug delivery.	
6. Treatment of Insulin Resistance.                            7. Monoclonal Antibodies and their applications.	
8. Treatment of Chloroquine resistant malaria.	
9. Composition and functions of Ethical committee.  10.Interferons.	
155-NR-MD. DEGREE EXAMINATION-OCTOBER, 2013-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-IV
1..Drug use in pregnancy.			2. Ovulation inducing agents.
3. Drug therapy of hepatic amoebiasis.	4. Drug therapy of hirsutism.
5. Levamisole.					6. Use of monoclonal antibodies in cancer therapy.
7. Role of gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists in endometriosis.
8. Rational and management of deep vein thrombosis.
9. Principles of antimicrobial combination.	10. Cinacalcet.
155-NR-M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION – APRIL, 2013-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-IV
1..Drug therapy of vomiting		2. Antiproliferative drugs	3. Direct Thrombin inhibitors
4. Orphan drugs			5. Drug therapy of Prostate cancer		6. Microbicides
7. Pharmacotherapy of SIADH (Syndrome of Inappropriate Anti Diuretic Hormone secretion)
8. Drug therapy of Acne		9. Fospropofol			10. Drug abuse in sports
MD DEG. INTERNAL ASSESSMENT EXAMS-DEC.,2012-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-IV
1..Drug therapy of Psoriasis.	2. Rational drug use.	3. Insulin analogues.	   4. Interferons.
5. Drugs used in glaucoma.				6. Treatment of Benign Prostatic hypertrophy.
7. Drugs used in Acute myocardial infarction.	8. Drug therapy of Anaphylactic shock.
9. Drug therapy of alopecia.				10.Management of Postmenopausal osteoporosis
155-NR-M.D. DEG. EXAMINATION – OCTOBER, 2012-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-IV
1..Steady state plasma concentration		           2. Treatment of hospital acquired pneumonia
3. Therapeutic uses of prostaglandin analogues        4. Steroid sparing agents in rheumatoid arthritis
5. Guidelines to treat HIV patients		           6. GCP guidelines
7. Potential therapeutic uses of 5 HT antagonists      8. Current therapeutic status of thalidomide
9. Effect of change in kinetics on drug dose and dosing schedule
10. Composition and responsibilities of institutional human ethics committee.
155-NR-M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION – APRIL, 2012-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-IV
1..Drug use in pediatric population		      2. Post exposure prophylaxis against HIV infection
3. Drug therapy of chloroquine resistant malaria	4.Drug therapy of erectile dysfunction
5. Treatment of thyroid storm				6. Biological response modifiers
7. Post coital contraception			8. Rationale and management of haemorrhagic stroke
9. Antimicrobial drug resistance		10. Nitazoxanide.
==

155-NR-M.D. DEG. EXAMINATION – OCT./NOV., 2011-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-IV
1..Novel methods of drug delivery				2. Thalidomide
3. Drug therapy of multi drug resistant tuberculosis  4. Drug therapy of benign prostate hypertrophy   5. Treatment of insulin resistance    6. Interferons    7.Pharmacological role of calcineurin inhibitors
8. Rational and management of Warfarin over dosage
9. Principles of anti cancer drug combination	10. Treatment of hydatid cyst disease.
155-NR-M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION – APRIL, 2011-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-IV
1..Drug eluting stents.		2. Arsenic tri oxide.
3. Drug therapy of chloroquine resistant plasmodium falciparum.
4. Health benefits of oral contraceptives.
5. Prophylaxis of HPA suppression and long term glucocorticoid therapy.
6. Hematopoietic growth factors.		7. Pharmacological role of ‘spindle poisons’.
8. Rational and management of methylalcohol poisoning.
9. HAART regimen.		10. Treatment of Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayai infections.

155-NR-M.D. DEG. EXAMINATION – OCT./NOV., 2010-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-IV
1..Drugs used in Myasthenia Gravis.			2. Drug treatment of ulcerative colitis.
3. Drug therapy of Filariasis.			4. Management of post menopausal osteoporosis.
5. Pharmacotherapy of Gout.		6. Drugs used in GERD (Gastroesophageal reflux disease).
7. Drug therapy of anaphylactic shock.	8. Drug therapy of Psoriasis
9. Treatment of Hypertensive Crises.		10.Drug treatment of Neutropenia.
155-NR-M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION – APRIL, 2010-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-IV
1. Drugs used in Glaucoma.		2. Drug treatment of Schizophrenia.
3. Drug therapy of Giardiasis.		4. Treatment of Benign Prostate Hypertrophy.
5. Drug therapy of alopecia.		6. Treatment of chemotherapy induced vomiting.
7. Drug therapy of acne vulgaris.		8. Treatment of acute attack of bronchial asthma.
9. Drugs used in acute myocardial infarction.	10. Treatment of megaloblastic anaemia.
155-NR-M.D. DEG. EXAMINATION – NOVEMBER, 2009-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-IV
Write Short Essays On The Following:
1. Antioxidants.	2. Pharmacovigilance .   3. Protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors in therapeutics.
4. Composition and functions of ethics committee.	5. Natriuretic peptides.
6. Designs in phase 2 and phase 3 clinical trials.	7. Novel insulin formulations.
8. Antipseudomonal β lactams.	9. National Filaria Control Programme.	10. ‘P’ drug.
155-NR-M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION-APR/MAY, 2009-PHARMACOLOGY-PAPER-IV
1. Monoclonal antibodies.     2. Essential drug list.       3. Incretin system and Diabetes Mellitus
4. Functions of drug regulating bodies.		   5. Purinergic receptors.
6. New drug design and development.   7. Interferons. 8. Ivermectin.    9. Micronutrients.
10. Rational drug use.
155-NR-M.D. DEG. EXAMINATION – PHARMACOLOGY-NOVEMBER, 2008
1. Clinical pharmacology of drugs affecting folate metabolism.
2. Problem based pharmacotherapy teaching.		3 Clinical pharmacology of orphan drugs.
4. Recent advances in the management of cardiogenic shock.	5. Insulin analogues.
6. Interferons as drugs.	7. Anti-oxidants and their therapeutic potential.	8. Tazobactam.
9. Clinical pharmacology of leukotriene modifiers. 
10. Principles governing combined use of anti-microbials.
155-NR-M.D. DEG. EXAMINATION – JUNE, 2008-PHARMACOLOGY-Paper-IV
1. Discuss the clinical pharmacology of drugs acting on dopaminergic system
2. Clinical pharmacology of drugs used in Alzheimer’s disease.
3. Alternatives to the use of animals in drug research  
4.Clinical pharmacology of drugs used in diarrhea.
5. Role of anti-cholinergics in bronchial asthma	 6. Enzyme inhibitors in pharmacotherapeutics
7. Clinical pharmacology of newer macrolide antibiotics
8. Pharmacological rationale in the use of N-Acetylcysteine in acute paracetamol poisoning.
9. Ocular local anaesthetics.		10.Recent advantages in the management of osteoarthritis
155-NR-NOVEMBER, 2007
Write short essays on the following:
1. Describe the clinical pharmacology of drugs used in bronchial asthma		2. Pharmacoepidemiology
3. Mucosal protectives in peptic ulcer	4. Clinical pharmacology of anti-emetics and prokinetic drugs
5. Drug therapy of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura			6. Drug abuse in sports
7. Clinical pharmacology of drugs used in myasthenia gravis		8. Therapeutic drug monitoring
9. Sibutramine		10. Role of prostaglandins as oxytocics
MAY/JUNE, 2007 (N.R.)
1. Membrane transporters in drug response.   2. Pharmacoeconomics.	   3..‘P’ Drug.
4. Genetic determinants of the response to drug.       5. Melatonin the therapeutic potential.
6. HRT advantages and disadvantages.		     7. Anti oxidants.
8. Composition and functions of ethics committee.   9. Imatinib mesylate.   10.Pleitropic effects of statins.
NOVEMBER-2006  (N.R.)  
1. Monoclonal antibodies in cancer therapy	2. Composition and functions of Ethics Committee
3. Caspofungin		4. Essential Drug List	5. Oseltamivir	6. Anti obesity drugs	7. Nutraceuticals
8. Pleiotropic effects of statins		9. Pharmacogenomics		10. Pharmaco Vigilance
MAY/JUNE, 2006.
1. Volume of distribution (Vd): pharmacological and clinical significance =10m
2. ‘Adenosine receptors’ as a pharmacological tool=10m	   3. Factors modifying therapeutics in geriatrics
4. Purinergic receptors blockers in antiplatelet therapy=10m	5. Probiotics in therapeutics=10m
6. Gene delivery methods=10m		7. Post menopausal hormone replacement therapy=10m
8. Principles of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)   9. Calcineurin inhibitors   10.Prostaglandins in therapy 
APR/MAY, 2005.  
1. Pharmacogenomics	2. Non-compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis		3. Pharmacovigilance
4. Antiseizure drug therapy of resistant epilepsy	  5. Principles involved in drug therapy of elderly patients
6. Treatment of Alzheimer’s diseases	7. New treatments for anxiety disorders	   8. Botulinum toxin
9. Composition and functions of human ethics committee	
10.Factors affecting area under the curve of a drug
SEPT./OCT.2004.
1.Discuss the concept and clinical application of clearance rate,volume of distribution and elimination 
    halflife of a drug 
2. Discuss the recent trends in the treatment of heart failure
3. Compositions and functions of ethics committee	    4. Clinical Evaluation of an antiepileptic drug        5. Discuss clinical significance of cholinesterase inhibitors	    6. Drug induced parkinsonism
7. Treatment of Diabetic ketoacidosis 8.Prostaglandins used in therapy  9.Antioxidants 
10.Antibiotics in Cancer therapy
MARCH/APRIL, 2004 (N.R.)
1.  Drugs used in Myasthenia Gravis =10m		2. Therapeutic uses of corticosteroids =10m
3.  Current Therapeutic Status of Calcium Channel Blocker =10m
4.  Management of Gram Negative Infections=10m	5. Multi drug therapy in leprosy =10m
6.  Drug therapy  for Bacterial Meningitis =10m	7. Role of Prostaglandin in Therapy =10m
8.  Drug Prophylaxis in Myocardial Infarction    9.  Post-marketing Surveillance	
10.Double Blind Technique =10m
MARCH/APRIL, 2004.(O.R.)  
1. Describe the several phases of clinical evaluation of newly introduced drugs. What are the problems likely 
    to be met with.
2. Discuss in recent advances in the chemotherapy of tuberculosis.
3. Write short notes on: a) Biological response modifiers		b) Prostaglandins used in therapy
     c) Drug utilization studies					d) Monoclonal Antibodies in Cancer
SEPT./OCT.2003 (N.R.)
1. Desensitization to drugs=10m		2. Recent advances in treatment of Bronchial Asthma =10m
3. Drug induced Myopathy=10m    4. Drug Prophylaxis of Migraine =10m    5. Treatment of Super infection 
6. Drugs used in Glaucoma=10m   7. Drugs used in Parkinsonism=10m   8. Drugs used in Severe Pain=10m
9. Therapeutic drug monitoring=10m		10.Randomisation =10m
SEPT./OCT.2003 (O.R.)
1. Write an essay on pharmacovigilance 	   2. Discuss the clinical pharmacology of immuno modulators
3. Write short notes on: a) Methods of clinical evaluation of topical steroids
     b) Clinical pharmacology of CYP 2C9 enzymes 	   c) Phase II clinical trial   d) Drug-food interaction
MARCH, 2003.
1. Define the term bioavailability. Discuss it clinical importance&the various factors affecting bio-
     availability of drugs
2. Define pharmacogenomics. Discuss its importance and usage in drug development and in clinical practice
3. Write short notes on: a) Drug therapy of Alzheimer’s disease	
     b) Methods of determining adverse drug reactions    c) Drug therapy during pregnancy   
     d) Drug utilization studies
SEPT. /OCT.2002
1. Discuss the principles, methods, advantages and limitations of therapeutic drug monitoring.
2. Discuss the effects of liver and renal diseases on drug metabolism with suitable examples.
3. Write short notes on: a) Methods of clinical evaluation of analgesics.
     b) Clinical pharmacology of P-glycoprotein	c) Role of Placebo	d) Pharmacogenomics
MAY, 2000.
1. Discuss the present status of chemotherapy of Malaria.	2. Discuss the treatment of cardiac failure.
3. Write short notes on: a) Role of H-pylori in peptic ulcer and its mode of treatment.		
     b) Management of maturity onset Diabetes mellitus
     c) Rationale of drug combination in cancer chemotherapy
     d) Role of Hormones used in various malignancies.
Year Not Known
1. Write an essay on the phases of evaluation of a new drug.
2. Write briefly on the following: a) Slow acting anti-inflammatory drugs		b) Cyclosporin
3. Write short notes on: a) Hepatotoxic drugs	b) New drug delivery systems.

Compiled by: V.Suryanarayana, Librarian, Dr.NTRUHS,VJA.	
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